UMUGAMBI KIRIMBUZI WA FPR-INKOTANYI NA NRM KU RWANDA NO KU KARERE K’IBIYAGA BIGARI BY’AFURIKA

African Great Lakes Region

Inkuru ya Dr. Jean-Bosco Ngendahimana
Tariki ya Mbere Gicurasi, 2023
Source: Afriquela1ère

Iriburiro:
Uwatanze aya makuru ntiyavuze byose. Yavuze ko ibyo aganiriyeho ari ibishobora kuvugwa, ko ingingo zirimo ibitavugwa atazivugaho kuko ntaho yahera agira uwo azisangiza. Yavugaga ko ari mu babihagazeho mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye. Ibi aganiriyeho yabyegeranyaga mu ndimi nyinshi zivugwa mu Buganda (Ikiganda, Ikinyankore, Icyongereza, Igikiga, Ikinyarwanda, …), gusa akaba yarifashishije umwe mu bavandimwe be wabaye mu Rwanda ahakora akazi k’ubwarimu yigisha ikinyarwanda n’igiswahili, mu kubishyira mu Kinyarwanda.

Yavugaga ko akeka ko aya makuru afitwe n’abantu bacye cyane babarirwa ku mitwe y’intoki. We yemeza ko abafatanyabikorwa b’ibikomerezwa byo hanze mu mahanga ya kure (Abongereza, Abanya Nouvelizelandi, Repubulika ya Tcheki, Canada, Ububiligi, …), no muri Afurika (Uganda, Tanzaniya, Senegal, Burukinafaso, inshuti za Afurika y’Epfo (ishyaka rya ba Mandera naryo ryari rikirwana), Uburundi bwa Buyoya, Etiyopiya, …) bamaze kwizeza inkunga ishoboka no kumvikana kuri gahunda yo gushyigikira umushinga w’inkotanyi, ikindi cyagombaga kwitabwaho cyari gahunda yihariye M7(Museveni) n’abantu be (Rwigema n’Inkotanyi) na NRM ye, bagombaga kugeraho mu kwigarurira u Rwanda no kurukomeza ubuzira herezo, n’iyo ababafashije bazabavaho. Si u Rwanda gusa, ni Akarere kose k’ibiyaga bigari by’Afurika.

1.Uko byari byarateguwe cyangwa se byategurwaga n’abacurabwenge bateguraga kurandura Habyarimana:

1a. Abanyarwanda bari mu Rwanda bagomba kwicwa bose kugeza ku rugero rutuma abasigaye batakaza umutima n’ubwenge by’abantu, bagasigara ari ibisenzegeri byakutse umutima bizajya bikoreshwa nk’uko ibimasa bikoreshwa mu murima.

1b. Byanze bikunze, umubare w’abahutu ugomba kugabanywa mu gihe gito gishoboka (hagati y’imyaka itanu n’icumi bikaba bimaze kugerwaho bikunze), kugeza ubwo bazaba babarirwa hagati ya 45 na 55%. Kubageza munsi ya 50% ni zo nzozi.

1c. Abatutsi bo mu gihugu bazarokoka gahunda itegurwa ndetse n’abatwa, bagomba kwicwa bose, byashoboka ntihasigare n’umwe wishoboye haba mu butunzi cyangwa mu bitekerezo. Ibi bizatuma amateka y’intambara yacu azavugwa uko dushaka.

1d. Umubare w’abahutu nukomeza kutagera munsi ya 50% hagashira imyaka igera kuri 15 cyangwa 20, haziyambazwa no gukora ibishoboka byose tukarunda mu Rwanda n’abanyamahanga benshi badahuje imico, kugeza ubwo ku mubare rusange abahutu bazaba batakiri 50%. Abazavanwa mu mahanga ntibazatubangamira kuko nta gihugu bazaba bafite ku mutima.

2. Uko biteganywa kugerwaho

(a) Kurindagiza abanyarwanda, abaturage n’abategetsi. Gukora ibishoboka byose urwango ruri hagati y’abakiga n’abanyanduga tukarubyaza akajagari kazatuma buri wese yifuza kuba hamwe natwe kugira ngo asenye undi nibishoboka amwihimureho, amuhitane.

Gukora ibishoboka byose urwango abahutu bafitiye abatutsi rukazamuka kugera ku rugero rushimishije, batazi icyo babangira. N’ubwo bigoye kuko hari abahutu benshi badafite urwango ku batutsi, hagomba gukoreshwa amayeri menshi bikagerwaho. Ikibazo ni uko bishobora kuzafata igihe kirekire cyane gikabije kuko abahutu benshi ubona nta rwango rwo mu mizi bafitiye abatutsi babana. Nta mwanya wo guta rero, ni ukwiyambaza uburiganya bushoboka bwose.

Umuhutu uzemera kwinjira mu mugambi wo gukora ibishoboka byose ngo urwango rw’abahutu ku batutsi bo mu gihugu rukure kandi rugere ku bukana nk’ubw’ikibyimba cya kanseri kigera aho cyisaza kigaturika kigakwira no mu bindi bice byose by’umubiri, uwo muhutu azizezwa ingororano n’abakurambere be batigeze barota no mu nzozi. Kandi ukureshya abahutu kugomba kugendana no kubumvisha ko umugambi wacu wo gufata igihugu ari ntakuka ko warangiye, ndetse ko n’ibihangange ku isi biwushyigikiye, bityo umutima wabo ukuzura ubwoba butagira urugero, bakadupfukamira bazi ko bariho bihakirwa.

Ni ukubumvisha ko ari abanyantege nke bo kurengerwa, kuko baramutse bamenye ko ingufu zibarimo tutazisukira ibyacu byaba birangiye. Ibi bigomba kuzagendana n’amagambo aryohereye y’ibyiza twifuza kuzageza ku gihugu, twagira Imana bakabyemera, maze bakadukurikira buhumyi.

Inzira y’ ibusamo ishoboka yo nyine ni ukurindagiza abatutsi bo mu gihugu tukabateza umutima w’urwango n’ukwizera ko igihe cyo kuzigaranzura abahutu kizagera kandi cyegereje. Kandi bakumvishwa ko umututsi nyamututsi wemerewe kuzagororerwa ari ugaragaza ko azira icyitwa umuhutu cyose.

Ibi tukumvisha abatutsi bose bo mu gihugu ko kugororerwa bizihuta ari uko baretse kwifuriza ineza umuhutu wese n’iyo yaba yarabakamiye bingana iki cyangwa se bafitanye igihango. Tuzigisha ko kugambanira abahutu ari “ubutwari”, bikaba “ubutwari bw’indashyikirwa” iyo umuhutu urindagijwe cyangwa ugambaniwe ari uw’urushako (époux, épouses, fiancées), cyangwa uw’igihango (abanywanye, ababanzwe hamwe, ababyaranye abana muri batisimu, abahanye inka cyangwa abageni). Abatutsi bakizezwa ko umututsi uzabasha ibi wese azagororerwa birenze, igihe ubwami bw’abatutsi buzaba buganje.

Icyitonderwa: Abazanga cyangwa abo bizagaragara ko badashishikajwe no kwitabira iri rindagizwa n’urwango, cyangwa abo bizagaragaraho ko ubwenge bwabo bwaketse umugambi, bagomba gushyirwa ku rutonde rwo kwicwa igihe byashobokera cyose, baba abatutsi cyangwa se abahutu, nta mpuhwe na nke bagiriwe kandi nta gitangira. Abatutsi bizagaragaraho ko gucika ku kubana neza n’abahutu bitabashishikaje, abo bazangwa ndetse bafatwe nk’abahutu babi bo gukuburanwa n’abandi bahutu. Bikaba byaruta banaranduranywe n’imizi ahubwo mbere y’uko n’abahutu nya bahutu barimburwa.

(b) Gucengeza mu batutsi ko hari amabanga y’intambara igiye kuzava mu Buganda bahishuriwe kandi bagomba kubika kure no kubwirana hagati mu batutsi gusa, nta muhutu bavunguriyeho. Ndetse ko n’umututsi cyangwa umututsikazi w’umuhinzi cyangwa w’umuboyi n’umuyaya cyangwa w’umukaraningufu agomba kubonwa nk’umwizerwa n’umusangirangendo wakongorerwa kuri ayo mabanga, kandi ko buri wese agomba kumenya ko nta muhutu wakwizerwa ngo ayabwirwe. Bityo abatutsi bose bazatangira kwiyumva nk’abarwanira kuzaba ibihangange by’ ubwoko bwabo igihe buzafatira igihugu, kandi ko icyo gihe abahutu bazashyirwa hasi.

Ibi abatutsi nibabyemera bizatuma abatutsi batangira kwikanga abahutu no kutabisanzuraho, ndetse bizatuma n’abahutu batangira kubishisha, ku buryo umuhutu uzongorerwa ko kwizera no gukunda umututsi ari ubucucu atazazuyaza mu kwemera.Tuzanyanyagiza abagore n’abagabo bo kubibongorera no kubigarurira, maze urwango ku batutsi turukuze.

Abatutsi n’abahutu bo mu Rwanda tuzabagira ibicucu bose tubateranye mu buryo bushoboka bwose. Ntibagomba kumenya ko bose twabashyize mu gatebo kamwe, kandi ko kubakuraho nk’umwanda nta kigomba kubihagarika.

Tugomba gukora ku buryo Habyarimana atazapfa atahuye uko abaturage b’abahutu n’abatutsi bari kurindagizwa. Kuko na we agomba kuzicwa keretse binaniranye. Tuzamutega imitego ibihumbi atazikuramo. Tuzakwirakwiza intasi mu gihugu cyose, kuko izimaze imyaka zidukorera zitagihagije. Ni nkeya.

Hakenewe abantu hose no mu bacuruza amakara ku muhanda. Tuzacengera mu bapadiri, abitegura guhabwa ubupadiri, abakinnyi b’imipira y’amaguru n’iy’intoki, n’abarimu banyuranye, tugende tubacengeza mu gihugu bucye bucye. Habyarimana ntazarabukwa ko bose bazaba bafite misiyo. Mu bakangurambaga b’ubuzima, abo mu buhinzi, ba moniteri agri, abaveterineri, abacunga amazu y’amacumbi, abanyeshuri, n’abandi.

Tuzongera abasabiriza ku muhanda no ku makanisa no mu masoko, nta muntu uzakeka ko badukorera. Tuzakorera cyane (by’umwihariko) mu badozi b’imyenda n’abadozi bato na ba kimyozi. Kuko aba bizerwa n’abakiliya babo cyane bakaba baduha amakuru menshi cyane. Abadozi bazatubera “ishingiro” ryo gutara amakuru rikomeye. N’abadodera ku masoko no ku mihanda no mu mazu. Nibo tuzakoreramo cyane, kuko bo kubakeka biragoye. Abahoma amasafuliya n’abakora imitaka yapfuye tuzabuzuzamo. Abo mu tubari na za resitora bo baradukorera ariko n’inzego za leta zirabacunga zikanabakeka cyangwa nazo zikabakoresha. Bizwi hose ko mu tubari haba za magigiri.

(c) Gukwiza impuha ko abatutsi bose baziranye ku mugambi w’ibanga wo kuzarimbura abahutu mu gihe abahutu baba bakoze ikosa ryo kureka abatutsi bo mu buhunzi bagafata ubutegetsi.

Ibi bikagendana n’inyigisho igomba gutsindagirwa cyane cyane mu mitwe y’abahutu b’abategetsi n’abasirikari bo ku nzego zose, ko abatutsi ari abantu bakundana cyane ku buryo kubakangisha ko ababo bakwicwa cyangwa kubicamo bacye byatuma bareka intambara n’iyo baba bayiteje. Batugiriye neza bakagira abatutsi bica n’iyo baba babiri, twabatiza umurindi mu ibanga, hakarimburwa abatutsi bo mu gihugu benshi bashoboka, kugira ngo byose bizagerekwe ku bahutu babe ibicibwa mu isi yose. Ikindi tuzaba twikijije ni imbwa z’abatutsi bo mu Rwanda mu cyayenge.

(d) Kumvisha abahutu ko kwica umututsi ari ukurengera ubwoko bwabo, no kumvisha abatutsi ko abahutu ari ibikoko atari abantu, ko no gusangira na bo ari ukwiyanduza.

(e) Gukoresha ubucuti bushoboka bwose n’amahanga hifashishijwe abagore n’abakobwa b’abatutsikazi n’inshuti zabo, mu kwegera abafata ibyemezo mu bihugu byinshi byo ku isi cyangwa imiryango yabo n’inshuti zabo, mu kubacengezamo ko mu Rwanda hari gututumba urwango rw’amoko rukabije kandi ko nihatagira igikorwa ngo ubutegetsi buriho buveho hazabaho ubwicanyi ndengakamere ku batutsi bari mu gihugu.

Muri uyu mugambi hazifashishwa n’abarimu bo mu mashuri yo mu bihugu byo hanze, abari mu mirimo mpuzamahanga, ndetse n’abahawe amahirwe na leta y’u Rwanda bakajya mu mirimo n’amashuri hanze, bapfa kuba ari abatutsi gusa. Uzagaragaraho ubunyangamugayo n’umutima wo gutinya guhemuka, uwo nguwo azashyirwa ku rutonde rwo kwicwa, we n’abamushyigikiye, kabone n’iyo baba ari abanyamahanga.

(f) Abatutsikazi bo mu buhunzi bagomba gushaka uko bazajya bajya mu gihugu kandi ntibazuyaze mu kwemerera abari mu nzego mu butegetsi no mu gisirikare, baba abo hasi cyangwa se abo hejuru, umubano n’ibindi bakwifuza byose.

Bagomba kumenya ko umugambi ari ukubasindisha ibisindisha byose nk’umubiri n’amayoga no kubatekera amafunguro ateye ipfa uko bishobotse. Gukoresha umubiri n’ubwiza mu kurindagiza abahutu n’abanyamahanga bigomba gufatwa nk’igikorwa cy’ubutwari. Igikuru kikaba kubashora mu mugambi batazi. Bazabanyarira maze abahutu basare batange na ba nyina.

(g) Kwica bamwe mu bahutu bizakorwa kugira ngo umuhutu aho ari hose yikange ko ukurimburwa kwabo kuri hafi niba hatabayeho kwikiza abatutsi.

Kwica bamwe mu batutsi bizakorwa kugira ngo umututsi aho ari hose yumve ko kamubayeho niba atitangiye umugambi wo kurwanya ingoma mputu no kuzikiza abahutu bose bazashoboka.

Hagati aho, abatutsikazi n’abagabo b’abatutsi bari ku isiri, bazaba birara mu bagabo n’abagore bo mu bihugu byo hanze (abategetsi, abanyamakuru, abo mu miryango itegamiye kuri leta, …), babasindisha igitsina n’inkuru ziryoshye, ku buryo mu mitwe yabo hazinjiramo ugushyigikira umugambi batazi.

3. Kwikiza abanyabwenge, ibyamamare, abahanga, abahanzi n’abavugabutumwa bakunzwe mu gihugu

Abo muri ibi byiciro bose bagomba gushyirwa ku rutonde rwo kwicwa cyangwa kuzicwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Baba abahutu baba abatutsi, bapfa kuba babonwa nk’abari muri ibi byiciro, bagomba kujya kuri urwo rutonde. Noneho umurimo ukazasigara ari uwo kujya hagira abarukurwaho bitewe n’inyungu bibonetse ko bashobora gukoreshwamo. Abakuriye cyangwa abavukiye mu buhunzi bakajya gukomereza imirimo n’ibikorwa byabo mu Rwanda bo ntibagomba kujya kuri uru rutonde, keretse hari impamvu ituma barushyirwaho.

4), 5), 6), 7),8) …(Ibi yarabitarutse)

9. Intambara izatera ari uko imigambi yavuzwe hejuru igeze kure kandi ni imigambi izakomeza.

Igihe intambara izaba yaratangiye iriho ica ibintu, hazicwa umubare w’abahutu mwinshi ushoboka, mu byaro bizajya bifatwa. Ibi bizatuma abazajya barokoka bahungana umujinya w’umuranduranzuzi n’ishavu ridashira, ku buryo kuzabakangurira kurimbura abatutsi no kumvisha abandi bahutu ubugome bw’abatutsi, bizoroha nko korosora uwabyukaga.

10. Abatutsi n’abahutu bazitabira urugamba rwacu bavuye mu gihugu imbere bagomba kwicwa ku bwinshi.

Kuko bakomeje kuzamuka mu nzego no kuba bisanzuye mu ngabo zacu, byazatuma babangamira irimburwa rya benewabo bo mu gihugu no mu byaro. Kandi bene abo bantu bitabira urugamba bataye amashuri n’imirimo n’ubucuruzi, baba ari abantu badasanzwe. Kubikiza kare ni yo nzira yo nyine yo kuzizera kugundira ubutegetsi no kuzagera ku mugambi wo gukuraho umwanda w’abatutsi n’abahutu tuzasanga mu gihugu.

11. Nyuma yo gufata ubutegetsi

(a) Kwihutira kwica abatutsi bazaba barokotse.

Ibi bizajya bikorwa mu bushishozi bwinshi kugira ngo bitazamenyekana. Ibi bizafasha mu kumvisha amahanga ko abahutu basaritswe n’ubugome, bakaba baratsembye nta gatutsi na kamwe basize. Haramutse harokotse abatutsi benshi byabangamira imigambi yateguwe yo kuzarimbura abahutu no kubatesha umutwe aho bazajya mu bihugu byinshi, bazizwa ko batsembye ubwoko bwose bwa nyamucye.

(b) Gukubura icyitwa umuhutu cyose, bishobotse n’amatungo yabo n’ubucabari bwabo.

Gukuraho umwanda, ku muvuduko wo hejuru, mu gutanguranwa n’uko amahanga yazatangira gukanguka no kwitegereza. Hagomba kuzicwa nibura kimwe cya kabiri cy’abahutu bose mu mezi atarenze cumi n’umunani ya mbere y’itsinda ry’urugamba, byakabya gutinda bikagerwaho mu myaka itanu ya mbere. Dore ko n’ubundi ari ingurube mbi.

(c) Kuzengereza abazaducika bose, mu bihugu bazabasha kugeramo byose.

Ibi bizagendana no kubateranya mu nzira zose zishoboka ku buryo nta kwishyira hamwe kuzapfa gushoboka hagati y’abazaducika, amoko baba bavamo yose.

Abanyarwanda b’abizerwa bazigishwa ko kugambanira uwo batavuga rumwe no kwica (guhotora, gutanga uburozi, gufungisha, guhimba ibyaha, guhemuka, …) ari ibikorwa by’ubutwari kandi ko kubyitabira bizajya bitanga ingororano. Kandi bakabeshywa ko ingororano ari nyinshi by’ikirenga ku bazabasha kugirira nabi abo bafitanye isano n’ubucuti bwo mu miryango cyangwa bukomeye.

(d) Gushuka abacuruzi bahoze mu Rwanda, haherewe ku batutsi hagakurikiraho abahutu, ko ari abizerwa b’ikambere, maze bakasama bagasamara, imitungo yabo tukazayibarura. Bagashorwa cyane mu migambi yose yo kwicisha no kunyaga abahutu b’abatunzi ndetse na bagenzi babo b’abatutsi bo mu gihugu aho bishoboka.

Ibi bizatuma bacika ku bo basangiye, ku bo babanye, maze batwizanire amaboko arambuye basamye, ku buryo igihe cyo kubacucuma, umwe ku wundi, nikigera bazajya bakubitwa mu kico nk’udushwiriri tutagira gitabariza. Bazabanza kujya bateshwa umutwe, bakeneshwe bicuze icyabateye kutwimariramo.

(e) Abahutu n’abatutsi b’abanyabwenge n’abatunzi n’abahanzi bo mu Rwanda bazaducikira hanze, bazateshwa umutwe barindagizwe, bafungishwe, bashimutwe, bicwe cyangwa se babeshweho nabi gusa, ku buryo abazajya barokoka ubugome tuzabavunderezaho bazajya baba ibishushungwe bihora byikanga byihisha buri wese, ku buryo nta mugambi n’umwe wo kwitabara no gutabara abandi bishobora kwitabira. Abazemera bazajya bakamurwa udufaranga twose baruhiye, bizezwa kuticwa, kandi nabo urutonde rwo kwicwa baruriho.

(f) Abazanangira bakihanganira gucunaguzwa bagahangana, abo nta kundi ni ukuzahangana na bo kuzageza igihe bazashirira cyangwa bazatugondera.

Ni ukurandurana nabo, hagakoreshwa inzira zose, n’izitarimo ukwiyubaha zose, kuko bene aba bantu b’imitima itagondwa akenshi birangira bagaritse ingoma bahanganye nayo. Kuko ntibarwanisha intwaro zigurwa, ahubwo kabutindi ni imitima yabo usanga idakangishwa gutukwa, gufungwa, gukeneshwa no kugirirwa nabi cyangwa se kwicwa. Intambara yabo iba ari iya gisazi; ni yo mpamvu kubarwanya na byo bigomba gukorwa gisazi.

(g) Guhemukirana no kuzimura biremewe mu basangirangendo.

Nta muntu utahemukirwa nta n’utahemuka ubaho mu gihe hari inyungu zigambiriwe. Iri ni ryo jambo ry’ubutore. Uwiyemeje kuba uwacu wese agomba kuribika kure. Ibi bigomba kwigishwa uwiyemeje kuba uwacu no kudukorera wese, n’uwiyemeje gusangirira ku meza yacu. Kandi akabyemera.

12. ...(yarabisimbutse)

Izi ni zo ngingo 12 z’umugambi uko wategurwaga icyo gihe. Inzego za Habyarimana ntzigeze ziwukeka uko ungana. Bivugwa ko uyu mugambi watangiye gutekerezwaho mbere y’uko Habyarimana afata ubutegetsi, ariko ukanozwa neza hagati y’umwaka wa 1979 na 1988. Mu wa 1988 ngo ni ho umugambi wahamijwe bidasubirwaho, n’ubwo ngo ibikorwa bimwe byawo byari bigeze kure. Mbese ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umushinga ryari rimaze igihe ryaratangiye.

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